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Sepsis Complications: How Nursing Homes Should Prevent & Treat

July 15, 2020/in Blog/by Yao Dinizulu

CHICAGO, IL – Infections are one of the leading causes of death in nursing homes throughout the country. Unfortunately, nursing homes can be inattentive to the conditions that give rise to infections and then leave the infections untreated, putting nursing home residents at risk.

An infection that is left untreated can turn into a very dangerous condition called sepsis. When someone develops septic shock, this is how an infection can kill. Sepsis happens when an infection you already have – in your skin, lungs, urinary tract, or somewhere else – triggers a chain reaction throughout your body. A toxic agent is introduced into the bloodstream because of the infection and will begin to result in organ failure. If you do not seek medical treatment in a timely manner, sepsis can rapidly lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death.

There are numerous symptoms that may occur, with some of the more severe ones including:

Abnormal heart function including a very rapid heart rate
Significant pain and discomfort
Difficulty breathing
Disorientation or delirium
Unconsciousness

The Stages of Sepsis

Stage One: Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)

Sepsis can be difficult to identify but is typically denoted by a very high or low body temperature, high heart rate, high respiratory rate, high or low white blood cell count and a known or suspected infection. For sepsis, two of the mentioned SIR signs, as well as an infection, must be present.

Stage Two: Severe Sepsis

Severe sepsis is diagnosed when acute organ dysfunction begins. Severe sepsis can be diagnosed when sepsis is present along with hypotension, or low blood pressure, or hypoperfusion, the decreased blood flow through an organ.

Organ dysfunction can be characterized by symptoms such as a sudden change in mental state, decreased urine output, decreased blood platelet count, difficulty breathing, abnormal heart pumping function and abdominal pain.

Stage Three: Septic Shock

Septic shock is the most severe stage of sepsis. Septic shock is defined as the presence of hypotension, induced by sepsis, despite fluid resuscitation. Septic shock has the highest chance of mortality, with estimates that range from 30% to 50%.

Symptoms of Septic Shock

Septic shock is accompanied by the following symptoms:

Little to no urination
Blood clots throughout the body that can lead to organ failure
Very low or high temperature
Extremely low blood pressure
Palpitations

Even if the nursing home resident is about to survive septic shock, it will have long-term ramifications on their health and they likely will not make a full recovery.

Early detection of sepsis is necessary in order for a nursing home resident to have a better chance at survival; however, when a resident is a victim of nursing home neglect, they likely are not receiving the care that they need to notice the signs of sepsis and begin prompt treatment. This becomes more of a problem at understaffed nursing homes that are prone to neglect.

Medical Treatment for Patients with Sepsis

When a nursing home does diagnose and treat sepsis, the course of treatment begins with antibiotics. Some patients may need to have procedures to remove dead skin or tissue depending on the severity of the infection. Patients may also need oxygen or other intravenous fluids to maintain the level of oxygen and blood going to the organ so organ failure can be prevented. Patients can recover from mild sepsis in about three to ten days; however, more severe cases can take longer to recover if the patient is able to survive at all. Severe sepsis requires critical care for a month or more.

Sepsis and Pressure Ulcers

Sepsis is also how pressure ulcers can become fatal. There are four stages of a pressure ulcer: Stage I and II is the first discoloration of the skin and a small ulcer. Stage III is when a small crater in the skin begins to degenerate to a Stage IV pressure ulcer where the hole in the skin gets deeper and can reach the muscle. When the hole in the skin becomes large enough and is untreated, the resident can develop sepsis from the infection. A pressure ulcer can become septic, though the ones that are more advanced have a higher change of becoming infected. The wounds can leak puss and give off a foul smell. There can also be an increased in pain in the area and a fever.

Pressure ulcers should not form in the first place, but if they do, they should not reach the level of sepsis. If your loved one has developed sepsis, there is a high chance that the nursing home did not provide the level of care that it was legally obligated to, causing your family member to develop a life-threatening infection.

Nearly 25,000 residents in nursing homes will die from sepsis, and most of these deaths are preventable. Thousands of nursing homes each year are cited by the federal government for their failure to prevent and treat pressure ulcers.

Has Your Loved One Been Injured by a Nursing Home’s Failure to Treat an Infection? Get Legal Help Now

The experienced attorneys at the Dinizulu Law Group have handled numerous cases over the years where nursing home residents have died from infected pressure ulcers and other severe infections due to nursing home negligence. If your loved one has been injured or died from neglect at a nursing home, call us today at (312) 384-1920 to set up your free consultation. Please visit our website for additional information.

How do I Ensure a Nursing Home’s Physical Condition is Suitable for My Loved One to Live in?

September 9, 2019/in Blog/by Yao Dinizulu

Choosing the right nursing home for your loved one to live in takes time and consideration as many things must be assessed. Aside from taking into account past inspection reports as well as the quality of staff that is employed at the home, you must also assess the physical condition of all areas of the home that your loved one is going to be exposed to. The fact is, a nursing home facility must be set up in a way that promotes safety and cleanliness and decreases the chances of an accident happening.

Note: Elderly individuals tend to have weaker immune systems and are prone to falling so you need to be sure the home you choose won’t put them at risk of becoming ill or injuring themselves.

Physical Conditions You Should Assess When Choosing a Nursing Home for a Relative

Although the physical condition of the nursing home isn’t the only thing to consider when selecting a nursing home for a relative, it is a very important part of the process. Therefore, below we are outlining for you some physical considerations we’d like you to take into account if you are planning on moving a loved one into a nursing home in Chicago, IL or looking to relocate a relative into a new facility.

Does the facility emphasize accident prevention? The Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) says that the facility should eliminate hazards that could lead to a mishap occurring. For example, “all areas should be clear of small low objects that can cause a person to trip” and “there should be no throw rugs or small areas rugs” present where residents walk. The facility should also use chairs that are sturdy and cannot tip over easily as well as have handrails present in the hallways and bathrooms so that the residents have something to grab hold of should they need it.

The IDPH says that each of the bedrooms in a nursing home should open up to a corridor and have a window. There shouldn’t be more than four beds in a room and the area should be easily accessible. Some other things residents should have in their room include:

A nurse call bell
Reading light
Closet space and drawers to store personal belongings

Tip: If you do not feel comfortable with having your loved one room with someone else, you can request that they have their own room. While some facilities may accommodate this request, others may not have the space to do so. Nursing homes should consider the special interests and personalities of any two residents before putting them into the same room as you wouldn’t want any conflicts to arise.

Fire safety. The facility you are considering should be complying with the State of Illinois’ fire safety codes. The IDPH suggests that you request to see when the facility last had a fire inspection completed to ensure it is up to date with inspections. You will also want to choose a facility that has clearly labeled its exits and has a plan in place in the event an emergency arises.

Tip: Ask the facility director or another person in charge about fire drills. The IDPH says “a good home puts residents through frequent fire drills to acquaint them with the quickest way to leave the building wherever they may be at the moment.”

The kitchen should be separated into areas. For example, the IDPH says that food preparation, garbage, and dishwashing areas should be separated from one another and any food that needs refrigeration shouldn’t be left out on the countertops. You’ll also want to check the area for cleanliness as you wouldn’t want your mom or dad’s food prepared or stored in an unsanitary place.

Isolation rooms. The facility should be equipped with an isolation room that can be used for a resident to stay in who has caught a contagious disease.

The hallways must be large enough for at least two wheelchairs to pass through with ease. There should also be handgrip railings on either side of the hallway for residents just as a precaution.
Dining rooms. The dining room should be set up in a way that is “attractive and inviting.” The chairs should be comfortable for the residents and the area should be accommodating to wheelchairs.

To read about the other physical considerations you should take into account when choosing a nursing home, visit the IDPH’s website by clicking here.

Before you settle on a single nursing home in Chicago, be sure to request a tour so you are able to assess the facility’s physical conditions mentioned above. If you are relocating a loved one who happened to have been mistreated at the previous facility they resided in, contact Dinizulu Law Group, Ltd. to speak with a Chicago, IL nursing home abuse attorney. We will not only help you find a new home for your relative to live in but we can also help you to take the necessary steps to hold the other facility liable for your loved one’s pain and suffering.

You can contact Dinizulu Law Group, Ltd. at:

221 North La Salle Drive, Suite 1100

Chicago, IL 60601

Phone: 1-312-384-1920

Website: www.dinizululawgroup.com

Report Shows Nursing Home Abuse Increased But Extremely Underreported

July 29, 2019/in Blog/by Yao Dinizulu

CHICAGO, IL – A study recently conducted by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) shows an increase in nursing home abuse between 2013 and 2017, stating abuse deficiencies more than doubled. In 2017, abuse deficiencies were categorized at the highest levels of severity causing actual harm to residents or putting them in immediate jeopardy.

GAO identified the most common types of abuse and perpetrators including physical abuse (46 percent) and mental/verbal abuse (44 percent) were the leading forms of abuse, followed by sexual abuse (18 percent). Nursing home staff, which includes staff working in any part of the nursing home, are most often the perpetrators (58 percent), followed by resident perpetrators (30 percent), and other types of perpetrators (2 percent).

The federal law requires nursing homes to report allegations of abuse of reasonable suspicion of crimes committed against residents; however, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has not properly instructed nursing homes on what information should be included in incident reports. Furthermore, there is a lack of information given to state survey agencies which delays the determination of if an investigation should occur.

There are undeniable gaps in the CMS process for referring incidents of abuse to law enforcement, which can limit CMS’s ability to ensure nursing homes meet federal requirements to ensure residents are free of abuse. GAO noted issues relating to referring abuse to law enforcement in a timely manner, tracking abuse referrals, defining what it means to substantiate an allegation of abuse, and sharing information with law enforcement. GAO made recommendations for the respective issues addressed in gaps in the referral process.

Although physical, mental, and verbal abuse is less common than neglect, the review shows a substantial increase in abuse deficiencies cited in nursing homes. The study specifically highlights the largest increase in severe cases. The report notes imperative changes CMS must make to have information complete and readily available, in addition to reporting incidents to law enforcement upon reasonable suspicion a resident is in danger.

General Evidence of Abuse

A loved one may be experiencing abuse if there is a sudden change in their behavior and personality, and/or tension between an elder and their caregiver. The Nursing Home Abuse Center mentions signs and symptoms to look for if you suspect a loved one is being abused.

Physical Abuse

Unexplained broken bones, dislocations, or sprains
Bruising, scars or welts
Failing to take medication properly
Signs of restraint
Broken eyeglasses
Caregiver refusing to let you be alone with the elderly individual

Emotional

Unusual behavior that can resemble symptoms of dementia, including mumbling, sucking one’s thumbs, or rocking behavior
Witnessing the caregiver belittle, control, or use threatening behavior towards elderly person

Sexual Abuse

Unexplained STDs of other genital infections
Bruising on body
Stained, bloody, or torn underwear

Nursing home and elderly abuse is not limited to just abuse – neglect, health care fraud, and financial exploitation are all forms of abuse to consider. If you or a loved one has experienced or suspect elderly abuse is occurring, please contact Dinizulu Law Group, Ltd right away at (312) 384-1920 or by visiting our website. Due to the statue of limitations, we must begin working on your case right away.

3 Little-Known VA Pensions: Do You Qualify?

June 14, 2019/in Blog/by Yao Dinizulu

CHICAGO, IL – Are you or a loved one a veteran or a surviving spouse? The VA offers many benefits; however, there are hundreds of thousands of veterans and/or surviving spouses that are eligible for these little-known VA benefits. These funds are used for assisted living at many facilities and for at-home care. Please consult an adviser to see if you or a loved one qualifies for the following VA benefits.

There are three levels of VA benefits called Pensions:

Basic Pension/Improved Income – healthy veterans with low incomes over the age of 65
Aid & Attendance – veterans over the age of 65 that require assistance with daily living activities
Housebound – veterans with a disabling rate of 100% that prevents them from leaving their home, but doesn’t have to be related to their military service

Aid & Attendance and Housebound pension benefits provide an additional monthly income over and above the Basic Monthly pension. To be eligible for either pension, the individual must meet the requirements for Basic Pension. The Aid & Attendance Pension benefits eligible veterans and their surviving spouses, or just the spouse in the event of a veteran’s death, to pay for the assistance they need in an everyday function. This includes eating, bathing, dressing, and medication management.

It’s important to note that potential eligibility conflicts between pensions and other assistance may arise. There are complex financial considerations for Aid & Attendance eligibility; however, the general requirements listed below must be met by the veteran or the surviving spouse:

Age – Veterans or surviving spouses must be 65 years old, or officially disabled if younger
Period of Military Service – Veterans must be considered “war time” veterans, meaning they served at least 90 days and served at least 1 day during the wartime dates listed below; this does not necessarily mean in combat:
- World War II: Dec. 7, 1941 – Dec. 31, 1946
- Korean War: June 27, 1950 – Jan. 31 – 1955
- Vietnam War: Aug. 5, 1964 – May 7, 1975 (or Feb. 28, 1961 – May 7, 1975 for Veterans who served in Vietnam)
- Gulf War: Aug. 2, 1990 – Undetermined
Discharge Status – Veterans cannot have been dishonorably discharged.
Disability Status – Veterans are eligible without a disability; however, a higher benefit is available to those who are disabled.
- Aid & Assistance Eligibility – veteran must require help with daily activities at home, in nursing homes, or assisted living. The need for that help does not have to be related to service in the military.
- Housebound Eligibility – veteran needs to have the disability rating of 100% that prevents them from leaving their home. The disability does not have to be related to their military service.
- Basic Pension/Improved Income Eligibility – no disability requirement.
Marriage Rules – a surviving spouse must have been living with the veteran at the time of their death and must be single at the time of a claim.

Medical-related expenses include skilled nursing, assisted living, adult day centers, and at-home care. Medicare and other insurance premiums, as well as prescriptions that may not be covered by insurance, should be included as medical-related expenses. Please check out how the VA calculates income here.

When calculating assets, the VA allows a veteran to deduct the value of their homes and vehicles; in addition, the VA looks at the applicant’s overall net worth in addition to their income. Net worth accounted for includes assets in bank accounts, stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and property, plus furnishings and personal effects, such as clothing.

VA Pensions can be used to pay family members who are the caregiver of a veteran or survivor (with the exception of spouses). Care expenses can be deducted from their income. Veterans’ spouses are not considered since joint income is calculated as household income.

The downside to these VA Pensions is it can be a lengthy process. Applicants can expect to wait 9-12 months before receiving their benefits; however, there are loans available to help pay for care while claims are being processed. Please consult an adviser to learn more about VA Pensions and Benefits.

How To Improve Your Parent’s Care At A Nursing Home

April 14, 2017/in Blog, Elder abuse, nursing home neglect/by Yao Dinizulu

If you have a loved one in a nursing home, then you need to know what a care plan is. It can mean the difference between your loved one being neglected or receiving the care that they need. Watch the video to learn more.

A care plan is essentially an individualized road map of the care that your loved one will receive. It takes into account the resident’s diagnosis and individual needs. What kinds of therapies will they receive for their conditions? What kind of nutrition do they need? How about their daily schedule? Do they need daily exercise? Are they bedridden and require repositioning? These are all questions that will be discussed during their care plan conference. Any staff or doctors that will be in charge of your loved one’s care should be in attendance so that all parties can be on the same page.

Once the care plan is complete, it’s your job to ensure that the plan is being enacted. You have to make sure to stay in constant communication with staff and doctors so that they know you are serious about the care your loved one is receiving. If any changes occur with your loved one, you have to make sure that the care plan is updated and that all those are who are a part of the plan are on the same page. Watch the video to learn more.

If you suspect nursing home neglect abuse or is happening to your loved one it’s important to contact a well-experienced nursing home neglect attorney. At the Dinizulu Law Group, Ltd., with over 60 years of combined experience, we handle these type of cases all the time. If you have questions, please email or call us at 312-384-1920 or 1-800-693-1LAW. Our Chicago nursing home abuse lawyers are here for you. You may also learn more about nursing home neglect and abuse through our media page where you will find more videos and content on this important issue.